Steve DiPaola

A Professor at Simon Fraser University, Steve directs the I-Viz Lab (ivizlab.sfu.ca) which strives to make computer systems bend more to the human experience. He came to SFU from Stanford University and before that spent 10 years as a senior researcher at NYIT Computer Graphics Lab, an early pioneering lab in high-end 3D techniques. He has held senior positions at Electronic Arts and Saatchi & Saatchi Innovation and has consulted for HP, Kodak, Macromedia and the Institute for the Future. His art work has been exhibited internationally including the A.I.R. and Tibor de Nagy galleries in NYC as well as the Whitney Museum of Art, and the IBM Gallery of Science and Art. He co-curated the first computer art show in a major NYC gallery in 1988.
Contact: sdipaola@sfu.ca
Position: Professor
Research
Our affective real-time 3D AI virtual human project with face emotion recognition, movement recognition and full AI talking, gesture and reasoning.
BioSensing 2D / 3D / VR Systems
Our lab has extensive experience in using different sensing technology including eye tracking and facial emotion recognition (DiPaola et al 2013), as well as gesture tracking and heart rate and EDA bio sensing (Song & DiPaola, 2015) to affect generative computer graphics systems.
Bringing together an interdisciplinary team, we created a wholly new AI technique to anonymize interview subjects and scenes in regular and 360 videos to create a technique that would be much better at conveying emotional and knowledge information than current anonymization techniques.
Deep Learning AI Creativity For Visuals / Words
Using Cognitive Science as a basis for our work, we attempt to model aspects of human creativity in AI. Specially we are using Neural Networks (and evolutionary systems) in the form of Deep Learning, CNNs, RNNs and other modern techniques to model aspects of human expression and creativity.
Cognitive (AI) Based Abstraction
What is abstraction? Can you use AI techniques to model the semantics of an idea, object, or entity, where that understanding allows for abstraction of the meaning? We use several AI techniques including genetic programming, Neural Nets and Deep Learning to explore abstraction in its many forms. Mainly here in the visual and narrative arts.
Evolving Creative Computer Programs w/Genetic Programming
This research uses creative evolutionary systems to explore computer creativity for various applications (in our first pass – evolving a family of abstract portrait painter programs). We use relatively new form of Genetic Programming (GP) called Cartesian Genetic Programming (CGP) first developed by Julian Miller .
Portrait artists and painters in general have over centuries developed, a little understood, intuitive and open methodology that exploits cognitive mechanisms in the human perception and visual system.
Rembrandt / Vision Science Work
Using new visual computer modelling techniques, we show that artists use vision based techniques (lost and found edges, center of focus techniques) to guide the eye path of the viewer through their paintings in significant ways.
faceToolKit - A 3D Facial ToolKit
Our long range research project is a visual development system for exploring face space, both in terms of facial types and animated expressions. This development toolkit is based on a hierarchical parametric approach. This approach gives us an additive language of hierarchical expressions, emotions and lip-sync sequences.
iFACE - Comprehensive Envir for Interactive Face Anim
Rapid of growth of visual communication systems, from video phones to virtual agents in games and web services, has a brought a new generation of multimedia systems that we refer to as face-centric. Such systems are mainly concerned with multimedia representation of facial activities.
Virtual Beluga Project - Vancouver Aquarium
Actual screen shot from our Virtual Beluga Interactive Prototype which shows realistically swimming Beluga in a wild grouping (pod) created via 3d real-time graphics and artificial intelligence systems.
A Social Metaphor-based Virtual Communities (voiceAvatar)
The design goal of this project was to develop avatars and virtual communities where the participants sense a tele-presence – that they are really there in the virtual space with other people. This collective sense of “being-there” does not happen over the phone or with teleconferencing; it is a new and emerging phenomenon, unique to 3D virtual communities.
Can you extract the emotional aspects of a piece of music to animate a face. Music-driven Emotionally Expressive Face (MusicFace) is a early stage project that creates “facial choreography” driven by musical input. In addition to its artistic uses, MusicFace can be used for creating visual effects in movies and animations, and also realistic characters in computer games and virtual worlds.
Virtual Colab and the real CECM Colab located at SFU.
Every smart-board computer display is matched by an in-world browser in 3d
which are able to display the same web based information for distanced collaborators.
Using open source tools ( python / openGL / … ), our research group is working to create an intuitive, interactive 3D knowledge visualization system that explores a more organic approach to knowledge and data visualization. The hope is by borrowing from our interests in alternative user interface design, AI and aLife systems, visual and interaction design as well as intelligent systems that we can create a more living and intuitive system for exploring date spaces.
SFU/FIT Collaborative Design Project
Collaboratively created cyber-fashion show, where sketches (white bg)
from FIT fashion designers are turned into 3d avatar models (black bg) by SFU students
– all using distance collaborative tools between two coasts and countries.
GenFace - Exploring FaceSpace with Genetic Algorithms
Imagine an -dimensional space describing every conceivable humanoid face, where each dimension represents a different facial characteristic. Within this continuous space, it would be possible to traverse a path from any face to any other face, morphing through locally similar faces along that path. We will describe and demonstrate a development system we have created to explore what it means to ‘surf’through face space. We will present our investigation of the relationships between facial types and how this understanding can be used to create new communication and expression systems.
We will combine our AI work in Empathy based modeling for AI Character Agents with our Deep Learning-based Creativity system (see papers and work in PDF) that realizes a fine art portrait from sitters.
Publications

Artistic style meets Artificial Intelligence
Journal Article: Journal of Perceptual Imaging, 2021
Choi, SK., DiPaola, S., Töyrylä, H. (2021). Artistic Style Meets Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Perceptual Imaging, 4(3).

Social Prescribing Across the Lifespan with Virtual Humans
Conference Proceedings: IVA '20: Proceedings of the 20th ACM International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2020

Empathic AI Painter: A Computational Creativity System with Embodied Conversational Interaction
Conference Proceedings: Proceedings of Machine Learning Research (NeurIPS 2019 Competition and Demonstration Track), 2020
10 Pages

A multi-layer Artificial Intelligence and sensing based Affective Conversational Embodied Agent
Conference Proceedings: IEEE Computing and Intelligent Interaction (ACIIW), 2019
Using an AI creativity system to explore how aesthetic experiences are processed along the brains perceptual neural pathways
Journal Article: Cognitive Systems Research, 2019
19 pages. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cogsys.2019.09.012

Aesthetic Judgments, Movement Perception and the Neural Architecture of the Visual System
Conference Proceedings: Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Meeting, August 15, 2019 2019
pp. 538-546. DOI: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-25719-4_70
Seattle, USA
Springer, Cham

M-Path: A Conversational System for the Empathic Virtual Agent
Conference Proceedings: Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Meeting, August 15, 2019 2019
pp. 597-607. DOI: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-25719-4_78
Seattle, USA
Springer, Cham

Modeling empathy: building a link between affective and cognitive processes
Journal Article: Artificial Intelligence Review, August 21, 2019 2019
pp. 1-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09753-0
Springer Netherlands

Evaluating Levels of Emotional Contagion in an Embodied Conversational Agent
Conference Proceedings: The 41st Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 2019
3143-3149

Lucid Loop: A Virtual Deep Learning Biofeedback System for Lucid Dreaming Practice
Conference Proceedings: 2019 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, April 18, 2019 2019
Extended Abstracts. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3290607.3312952
ACM

Speech Breathing in Virtual Humans: An Interactive Model and Empirical Study
Conference Proceedings: 2019 IEEE Virtual Humans and Crowds for Immersive Environments (VHCIE), March 24, 2019 2019
pp. 1-9. DOI: 10.1109/VHCIE.2019.8714737
Osaka, Japan
IEEE

BioFlockVR: Exploring Visual Entrainment through Amorphous Nature Phenomena in Bio-Responsive Multi-Immersant VR Interactives
Conference Proceedings: 2nd International Conference on Image and Graphics Processing (ICIGP '19, March 03, 2019 2019
pp. 150-154. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3313950.3313978
New York, NY
ACM

An Eye Gaze Model for Controlling the Display of Social Status in Believable Virtual Humans
Conference Proceedings: IEEE Computational Intelligence and Games (CIG) , 2018
A framework for developing multi-modal media-spaces using AI techniques
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Literature Organization, 2018

Informing Artificial Intelligence Generative Techniques using Cognitive Theories of Human Creativity
Journal Article: Procedia Computer Science, 2018
Transforming Kantian Aesthetic Principles into Qualitative Hermeneutics for Contemplative AGI Agents
Conference Proceedings: 11th International Conference, AGI 2018, August 22–25 2018
238-247
Prague, Czech Republic
Springer

A computational model of empathy for interactive agents
Journal Article: Biologically Inspired Cognitive Architectures Journal, 2018
Elsevier

Deep Learning for Classification of Peak Emotions within Virtual Reality Systems
Conference Proceedings: 10th International Workshop on Semantic Ambient Media Experiences (SAME 2017): Artificial Intelligence Meets Virtual and Augmented Worlds (AIVR), International Series for Information Systems and Management in Creative eMedia (CreMedia), International Ambient Media Association (iAMEA), Jan. 2018
pp. 6-11. ISSN 2341-5576, ISBN 978-952-7023-17-4.

Saliency-Based Artistic Abstraction With Deep Learning and Regression Trees
Journal Article: Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, 2017
Volume 61, Issue 6.
Society for Imaging Science and Technology

Embodied Interactions with a Sufi Dhikr Ritual: Negotiating Privacy and Transmission of Intangible Cultural Heritage in “Virtual Sama”
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, British Computer Society, July 2017
pp. 365-372, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.73
London, UK
British Computer Society

Engagement with Artificial Intelligence through Natural Interaction Models
Conference Proceedings: , July 2017
pp. 296-303. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.60
London, UK
BCS Learning and Development Ltd.

A Dynamic Speech Breathing System for Virtual Characters
Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Intelligent Virtual Agents, August 2017
pp. 43-52. Part of the Lecture Notes in Computer Science book series (LNCS, volume 10498)

Framework for a Bio-Responsive VR for Interactive Real-time Environments and Interactives
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, British Computer Society, July 2017
London, UK

A Framework for Hybrid Multimodal Performances
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, British Computer Society, July 2017
pp. 159-166, DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2017.37.
London, UK
British Computer Society

If Words Could Dance: Moving from Body to Data through Kinesthetic Evaluation
Conference Proceedings: ACM Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, June 2016
pp. 234-238, doi: 10.1145/2901790.2901822.
Brisbane, QLD, Australia
ACM

m+m: A novel Middleware for Distributed, Movement based Interactive Multimedia Systems
Conference Proceedings: 3rd International Symposium on Movement and Computing, July 2016
Article No. 21
Thessaloniki, GA, Greece
ACM

Movement Awareness through Emotion Based Aesthetic Visualisation
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, British Computer Society, July 2016
https://dx.doi.org/10.14236/ewic/EVA2016.27
London, UK
British Computer Society

Moving Collaborations: A Critical Inquiry Into Designing Creative Interactive Systems for Choreography
Journal Article: EAI Endorsed Transactions on Creative Technologies, 2016
Volume 3, Number 6

Perceptual Validity in Animation of Human Motion
Journal Article: Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Journal, March 2016
27(1), 58-71. doi: 10.1002/cav.1631
Wiley Online Library

Deep Convolutional Networks as Models of Generalization and Blending Within Visual Creativity
Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Computational Creativity, 2016
Paris, France
Using Artificial Intelligence Techniques to Emulate the Creativity of a Portrait Painter
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, British Computer Society, 2016
8 pages
London, UK

Simulink Toolbox for Real-time Virtual Character Control
Conference Proceedings: Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2016
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Springer
An Architecture for Biologically Grounded Real-time Reflexive Behavior
Conference Proceedings: Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2016
Los Angeles, CA, USA
Springer
A Framework for Exogenous and Endogenous Reflexive Behavior in Virtual Characters
Conference Proceedings: Intelligent Virtual Agents, 2015
Delft, The Netherlands
Springer

Touch of the Eye: Does Observation Reflect Haptic Metaphors in Art Drawing?
Conference Proceedings: ACM Conf on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '15), 2015
pp. 579-588
Seoul, South Korea

A Creative Artificial Intelligence System to Investigate User Experience, Affect, Emotion and Creativity
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2015
8 pages
London, UK
British Computer Society

Exploring Different Ways of Navigating Emotionally-responsive Artwork in Immersive Virtual Environments
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2015
8 pages
London, UK
British Computer Society

Enhancing Viewer's Emotional Connections to the Traditional Art Creative Process via an AI Interactive System
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, Florence, 2015
8 pages
Florence, Italy

A model for social spatial behavior in virtual characters
Journal Article: Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds Journal, 2015
Special Issue on Action Selection. Vol 15, No 1, pp 99-113, DOI: 10.1002/cav.1600
Wiley Online Library
Collaborative Choreography: A Critical Inquiry into Designing Creative Interactive Systems
Journal Article: Intelligent Technologies for Interactive Entertainment, 2014
pp. 46-56, 2014
Springer Lecture Notes Book

Using a Contextual Focus Model for an Automatic Creativity Algorithm to Generate Art Work
Journal Article: Procedia Computer Science. Special Issue: Bio Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2014
Vol 41, pp. 212-219

An Architecture for Personality-Based, Nonverbal Behavior in Affective Virtual Humanoid Character
Journal Article: Procedia Computer Science. Special Issue: Bio Inspired Cognitive Architectures, 2014
Vol 41, pp. 204-211

Interactively Exploring Picasso’s Multidimensional Creative Process in Producing Guernica
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2013
pp. 25-31
London, UK
British Computer Society

How a Painter Paints: An Interdisciplinary Understanding of Embodied Creativity
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2013
pp. 127-134
London, UK
British Computer Society

Adaptation of an Autonomous Creative Evolutionary System for Real-World Design Application Based on Creative Cognition
Conference Proceedings: Fourth International Conference on Computational Creativity, 2013
pp 40-47
Sydney, Australia

Medium-specific properties of urban screens : Towards an ontological framework for digital public displays
Conference Proceedings: ACM Conference on Creativity and Cognition, 2013
10 pages
Sydney, Australia

The Role of Micronarrative in the Design and Experience of Digital Games
Conference Proceedings: Digital Games Research Association Conference (DIGRA), 2013
pp. 161-197
Atlanta, Georgia, USA

Face, Portrait, Mask - Using a Parameterized System to Explore Synthetic Face Space
Book Chapter: Electronic Visualisation in Arts and Culture, 2013
Bowen, Keene, Ng, (Eds), pp 213-227
Springer
The Tacit and the Trace: Towards Syntax Of The Creative Act
Conference Proceedings: Conference on Conceptual Structure, Discourse and Language, 2012

Exploring the Effect of Color Palette in Painterly Rendered Character Sequences
Conference Proceedings: International Symposium on Computational Aesthetics in Graphics, 2012
pp 89-97
Annecy, France

Efficiently Simulating the Bokeh of Polygonal Apertures in a Post-Process Depth of Field Shader
Journal Article: International Journal of Computer Games Technology, Computer Graphics Forum, 2012
Vol 31, No 6, pp 1810-1822

How Did Humans Become So Creative? A Computational Approach
Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Computational Creativity, 2012
pp 203-211
Dublin, Ireland

Expressive Animated Character Sequences Using Knowledge-based Painterly Rendering
Journal Article: International Journal of Computer Games Technology, International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2011
Vol. 2011, Article ID 164949, 7 pages
A Generic Approach to Challenge Modeling for the Procedural Creation of Video Game Levels
Journal Article: Transactions on Computational Intelligence and AI in Games, 2011
Vol 3, No 3, pp 229-244
IEEE
Cartesian Genetic Programming, Creativity and Art
Book Chapter: Cartesian Genetic Programming, 2010
Editor: Miller J, 22 pages, in press
Springer
Face, Portrait, Mask: Using a Parameterised System to Explore Synthetic Face Space
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation in Arts and Culture, 2010
pp 213-227
Springer
Exploring Persian Rug Design Using a Computational Evolutionary Approach
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2010
pp. 121-128
London, UK
British Computer Society
Designing Socially Expressive Character Agents to Facilitate Learning
Book Chapter: Educational Gameplay and Simulation Environments, 2010
Editors: Kaufman D., Sauvé L., pp 213-230
IGI Global
A Case Study of Expression-based Creation within 3D Virtual Communities
Journal Article: International Journal of Web-Based Communities, 2010
In press
Inderscience Publishers

Rembrandt’s textural agency: A shared perspective in visual art and science
Journal Article: Leonardo, 2010
Vol 43, No 3, pp 145-151
MIT Press
Intelligent Expression-based Character Agent Systems
Conference Proceedings: ACM Intelligent Virtual Agents, September 2009
Keynote Short Paper, 2 pages
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
ACM
Darwin, Creativity, and Evolutionary Programming
Conference Proceedings: 150 Years after Origin: Biological, Historical and Philosophical Perspectives, Proceedings of Canadian Darwin Conference, 2009
4 pages
University of Toronto

Exploring a Parameterized Portrait Painting Space
Journal Article: International Journal of Art and Technology, 2009
Vol 2, No 1-2, pp 82-93
Inderscience Publishers

Perceptually Valid Facial Expressions for Character-based Applications
Journal Article: International Journal of Computer Games Technology, 2009
Vol 2009, Article ID 462315, pp 1-13

Following The Masters: Viewer Gaze is Directed by Relative Detail in Painted Portraits
Journal Article: Journal of Vision, 2009
Vol 9, No 8, pp 368 (abstract)
Quantifying artist's use of human vision constructs to influence viewer eye gaze
Conference Proceedings: SPIE Human Vision and Imaging, Int. Society for Optical Engineering, 2009
6 pages

The Trace and the Gaze: Textural Agency in Rembrandt’s Late Portraiture from a Vision Science Perspective
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2008
8 pages
London, UK

Authoring the Intimate Self: Identity, Expression and Role-playing within a Pioneering Virtual Community
Journal Article: Journal of the Canadian Games Studies Association, 2008
Vol 2, No 3, pp 1-14

Computer Facial Animation
Book Excerpt: Computer Facial Animation, 2008
by Parke F, Waters K, 2nd Edition, pp 133-136,225-251,368-369
A K Peters/CRC Press

"Darwin's Enduring Legacy": Images of computational evolution of creativity research
Journal Article: The Journal Nature, Feb. 2008
Selected by the Nature editors to accompany this essay (Commissioned, not peer reviewed). Vol 451, pp 632-633
Nature Publishing Group
Computationally Rendered Painterly Portrait Spaces
Journal Article: , 2008
Vol IV, No. 9, ISSN 1646-3463
artciencia.com
A Methodology for Incorporating Personality Modeling in Believable Game Characters
Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Games Research and Development (CyberGames), 2008
8 pages
Beijing, China
A Knowledge Based Approach to Modeling Portrait Painting Methodology
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, 2007
10 pages
London, UK
Blending Science Knowledge and AI Gaming Techniques for Experiential Learning
Journal Article: Journal of the Canadian Games Studies Association, 2007
Vol 1, No 1, pp 1-9
Incorporating Characteristics of Human Creativity into an Evolutionary Art Algorithm
Conference Proceedings: GECCO Conf Companion on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation, 2007
GECCO '07, pp 2450-2456
London, UK
ACM

Face Modeling and Animation Language for MPEG-4 XMT Framework
Journal Article: IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2007
Vol 9, No 6, pp 1137-1146
IEEE

Experiencing Belugas: Action Selection for an Interactive Aquarium Exhibit
Journal Article: Adaptive Behavior , Special Issue on Action Selection, 2007
Vol 15, No 1, pp 99-113
A Framework for Socially Communicative Faces in Games and Interactive Applications
Conference Proceedings: Conference on Future Play '07, 2007
pp 129-136
Toronto, Canada
ACM

Multi-Space Behavioural Model for Face-based Affective Social Agents
Journal Article: Journal of Image and Video Processing, Special Issue on Facial Image Processing, 2007
Vol. 2007, Article ID 48757, pp 1-12

Painterly Rendered Portraits from Photographs using a Knowledge-Based Approach
Conference Proceedings: SPIE Human Vision and Imaging, Int. Society for Optical Engineering, 2007
Keynote paper. pp 33-43
Blending Science Knowledge and AI Gaming Techniques for Experiential Learning
Conference Proceedings: Canadian Game Studies Association (CGSA), 2006
8 pages
Toronto, Canada
Socially communicative characters for interactive applications
Conference Proceedings: International Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision (WSCG-2006), January 30 - February 3 2006
8 pages
Czech Republic

Facial actions as visual cues for personality
Journal Article: Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds (CAVW) Journal, 2006
Vol 17, No 3-4 , pp 371-382
Wiley
Evolving Portrait Painter Programs using Genetic Programming to Explore Computer Creativity
Conference Proceedings: iDMAa Conference (Intl Digital Media and Arts Association), 2006
7 pages

Designing an adaptive multimedia interactive to support shared learning experiences
Conference Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH 2006 Educators Program, 2006
6 pages
Boston, USA
ACM

Emotional Remapping of Music to Facial Animation
Conference Proceedings: Emotional Remapping of Music to Facial Animation, Sandbox '06, 2006
pp. 143-149
Boston, USA
ACM
Artificial Intelligence Systems in New Media Art and Design
Journal Article: Artciencia: Art & Science Journal, August-October 2006
Vol 2, No 4, pp 1-8
Socially expressive communication agents: A face-centric approach
Conference Proceedings: European Conference on Electronic Imaging and the Visual Arts, 2005
6 pages
Evolving Creative Portrait Painter Programs Using Darwinian Techniques with an Automatic Fitness Fun
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, July 2005
10 pages
London, UK
Towards an Interactive Visualization of Game Design Patterns
Conference Proceedings: Digital Games Research Association, 2005
Vancouver, Canada
Simulating Face to Face Collaboration for Interactive Learning Systems
Conference Proceedings: E-Learn 2005, 2005
6 pages
Vancouver, Canada
Shifting Boundaries: the Ontological Implications of Simulating Marine Mammals
Conference Proceedings: New Forms Festival Conference, Museum of Anthropology, 2005
7 pages
Vancouver, Canada
Affective Communication Remapping in MusicFace System
Conference Proceedings: Electronic Visualisation and the Arts, July 26-31 2004
London, UK

Ratava’s Line: Emergent Learning and Design Using Collaborative Virtual Worlds
Conference Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH 2004 Educators Program, August 08 - 12 2004
4 pages
Los Angeles, California, USA
ACM
Face, Portrait, Mask - the Virtuality of the Synthetic Face
Conference Proceedings: New Forms Festival Conference, Vancouver Art Gallery, 2004
7 pages
Vancouver, Canada
Face as a Multimedia Object
Conference Proceedings: 5th Intl Workshop on Image Analysis for Multimedia Interactive Services, April 21-23 2004
5 pages
Lisbon, Portugal
A Social Metaphor-based 3D Virtual Environment
Conference Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH 2003 Educators Program, July 27 - 31 2003
2 pages
San Diego, California
ACM
Investigating Face Space
Conference Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH 2002 Conference Abstracts and Applications, July 21 - 26 2002
pp 207-207
San Antonio, Texas, USA
ACM
A 3D Virtual Environment for Social Telepresence
Conference Proceedings: Western Computer Graphics Symposium, 2002
7 pages
FaceSpace: A Facial Spatial-Domain Toolkit
Conference Proceedings: IEEE Information Visualization, 2002
pp 105-109
London, UK

Avatars!; Exploring and Building Virtual Worlds on the Internet
Book Excerpt: , 1998
by Damer B., pp 193-234, 446-448, cover/back art
Peach Pit Press
Computer Facial Animation
Book Excerpt: Computer Facial Animation, 1996
Parke F, Waters K, pp 101-104, 214-219, cover artwork.
AK Peters
Extending the Range of Facial Types
Journal Article: IEEE Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation, 1992
Vol 2, No 4, pp 129-131
IEEE
3D Parameterized Facial Modeling & Animation
Conference Proceedings: ACM SIGGRAPH Facial Animation Tutorial, SIGGRAPH '89, 1989
Boston, MA, USA
ACM